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By now

By now : Change of state, epistemic modality and evidential inference

 Altshuler, Daniel
 Cambridge University Press, 2020
 United States : p. 515 - 539 English ISSN: 00222267
EnglishTiếng AnhTrạng từTrạng từ chỉ thời gian
Tác giả CN Altshuler, Daniel
Nhan đề By now : Change of state, epistemic modality and evidential inference / Daniel Altshuler, Laura A. Michaelis
Thông tin xuất bản United States : Cambridge University Press, 2020
Mô tả vật lý p. 515 - 539
Tóm tắt We examine the constellation of factors – lexical, aspectual, temporal and conversational – that give rise to evidential implications from assertions. We target intensional and inferential meanings associated with a certain class of present-tense state sentences: those containing a temporal adverb headed by by, e.g. The American traveling public is pretty mature by now. We ask why present-tense sentences containing by temporal adverbs (BTAs) are improved by, and sometimes appear to require, an epistemic modal, e.g. They ??(must) live in a mansion by now. Key to our analysis is the idea that BTA sentences require the onset of a resultant state described by the complement of by now to overlap some unspecified time that precedes the time described by the adverb. The indefiniteness of the unspecified time described by BTAs leads interpreters to pragmatically construe present-tense BTA reports as conjectures, guesses or suppositions. We show how our analysis can be extended to incorporate the contribution of epistemic modals. Adopting insights from von Fintel & Gillies (2010) and Mandelkern (2016), we hypothesize the manner in which the BTA change schema is instantiated in intensional contexts and discuss the relationship between intensional and evidential contexts. We see the merging of aspectual and epistemic features in BTA sentences, and in particular present-tense sentences, as the result of a semantic reconciliation procedure: the use of an epistemic modal in a BTA predication evokes an observation or act of reasoning, prior to speech time, which permits the speaker to make her assertion, and this inference trigger is identified with the ‘onset event’ in the BTA schema.
Thuật ngữ chủ đề English-Time adverbs
Thuật ngữ chủ đề Tiếng Anh-Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Từ khóa tự do Tiếng Anh
Từ khóa tự do Trạng từ
Từ khóa tự do Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Tác giả(bs) CN Michaelis, Laura A.
Nguồn trích Journal of Linguistics- Volume 56 , Issue 3, 01 August 2020
Tệp tin điện tử https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-linguistics/article/abs/by-now-change-of-state-epistemic-modality-and-evidential-inference/72409DFEDC7FC27E354349699B8E940F
MARC
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245[1 0] |a By now : |b Change of state, epistemic modality and evidential inference / |c Daniel Altshuler, Laura A. Michaelis
260[ ] |a United States : |b Cambridge University Press, |c 2020
300[ ] |a p. 515 - 539
520[ ] |a We examine the constellation of factors – lexical, aspectual, temporal and conversational – that give rise to evidential implications from assertions. We target intensional and inferential meanings associated with a certain class of present-tense state sentences: those containing a temporal adverb headed by by, e.g. The American traveling public is pretty mature by now. We ask why present-tense sentences containing by temporal adverbs (BTAs) are improved by, and sometimes appear to require, an epistemic modal, e.g. They ??(must) live in a mansion by now. Key to our analysis is the idea that BTA sentences require the onset of a resultant state described by the complement of by now to overlap some unspecified time that precedes the time described by the adverb. The indefiniteness of the unspecified time described by BTAs leads interpreters to pragmatically construe present-tense BTA reports as conjectures, guesses or suppositions. We show how our analysis can be extended to incorporate the contribution of epistemic modals. Adopting insights from von Fintel & Gillies (2010) and Mandelkern (2016), we hypothesize the manner in which the BTA change schema is instantiated in intensional contexts and discuss the relationship between intensional and evidential contexts. We see the merging of aspectual and epistemic features in BTA sentences, and in particular present-tense sentences, as the result of a semantic reconciliation procedure: the use of an epistemic modal in a BTA predication evokes an observation or act of reasoning, prior to speech time, which permits the speaker to make her assertion, and this inference trigger is identified with the ‘onset event’ in the BTA schema.
650[1 0] |a English |x Time adverbs
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653[0 ] |a Tiếng Anh
653[0 ] |a Trạng từ
653[0 ] |a Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
700[1 ] |a Michaelis, Laura A.
773[ ] |t Journal of Linguistics |g Volume 56 , Issue 3, 01 August 2020
856[ ] |u https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-linguistics/article/abs/by-now-change-of-state-epistemic-modality-and-evidential-inference/72409DFEDC7FC27E354349699B8E940F
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