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“了1”和“了2”成句能力的制约因素

“了1”和“了2”成句能力的制约因素

 王珏
 吉林省延吉市, 2020
 中国 : p.3-13 中文 ISSN: 10037365
中国人ChineseTiếng Trung QuốcCấu trúc câuNgữ pháp
Tác giả CN 王珏
Nhan đề “了1”和“了2”成句能力的制约因素 / 王珏, 黄梦迪
Thông tin xuất bản 中国 : 吉林省延吉市, 2020
Mô tả vật lý p.3-13
Tóm tắt Previous studies have suggested that the sentence-formation ability of "le1" is less than that of "le2", but the influencing factors behind are not involved. This paper attempts to explore the factors that influence theeir sentence-formation ability from the next four aspects, including semantic structure, syntactic level, mood structure as well as time-category absence, and then draws the conclusions as follows.（1） The difference in semantic structure determines that "le1" can only be selectively attached to the core predicate in the comment, while "le2" is almost unlimited.（2） "le1" is located at the lowest level of the comment and "le2" is located at the upper level of the comment, which determines that the former can only participate in the construction of syntactic structure while the latter can only participate in the construction of the comment.（3） "le1" can only form the phrase "VP+ le1" with the core predicate, but "le2" cannot participate in the phraseconstruction. It can only form the mood structure "VP+ le1" together with intonation and represent "mood + tone of voice" as the scope.（4） Mandarin is an aspect-prominent and tone-prominent language, and does not rely on the highly grammaticalized time-category system, which makes it difficult for "le1" to be directly and explicitly positioned to express the objective period, thus further affecting its sentence-formation ablity. In contrast, tone of voice of "le2" has no connection with time-category and is not affected by this. To sum up, the above four factors affect the ability of sentence-formation of "le1" and "le2" from micro to macro perspective in turn, resulting in the ability of sentence-formation of the former is less than that of the latter.
Tóm tắt 已有研究认为"了1"的成句能力小于"了2",但不曾涉及背后的因素。本文尝试从语义结构、句法层次、语气结构和时范畴缺席等四个方面探讨两个"了"成句能力大小的制约因素。得出如下结论:（1）语义结构的差异决定"了1"只能附着述题里的核心谓词且有所选择,而"了2"几乎不受限制。（2）"了1"位于述题里的最下层,"了2"位于述题里的最上层,决定了前者只能在句法结构层面参与构成词组,后者只能在句子话语层面参与构成述题。（3）"了1"只能和核心谓词构成"VP+了1"词组,"了2"只能与语调一起构成"VP+了1"的语气结构并以之为辖域表示口气（tone）。（4）普通话是体凸显和口气凸显语言,不依赖高度语法化的时范畴系统来表示时范畴。这导致"了1"所表完成体难以直接明确地定位到客观时间轴,进而制约其成句能力。"了2"的口气功能与时范畴无关,不受此制约。总之,以上四个因素依次从微观到宏观制约"了1"和"了2"的成句能力,导致前者的成句能力小于后者。
Thuật ngữ chủ đề 中国人-语法-这句话
Thuật ngữ chủ đề Chinese-Grammar-Sentence
Từ khóa tự do Tiếng Trung Quốc
Từ khóa tự do Cấu trúc câu
Từ khóa tự do Ngữ pháp
Tác giả(bs) CN 黄梦迪
Nguồn trích 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning- 2020(01)
Tệp tin điện tử eng.oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbCode=cjfq&QueryID=21&CurRec=1&filename=HYXX202001001&dbname=CJFDLAST2020
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245[1 0] |a “了1”和“了2”成句能力的制约因素 / |c 王珏, 黄梦迪
260[ ] |a 中国 : |b 吉林省延吉市, |c 2020
300[ ] |a p.3-13
520[ ] |a Previous studies have suggested that the sentence-formation ability of "le1" is less than that of "le2", but the influencing factors behind are not involved. This paper attempts to explore the factors that influence theeir sentence-formation ability from the next four aspects, including semantic structure, syntactic level, mood structure as well as time-category absence, and then draws the conclusions as follows.（1） The difference in semantic structure determines that "le1" can only be selectively attached to the core predicate in the comment, while "le2" is almost unlimited.（2） "le1" is located at the lowest level of the comment and "le2" is located at the upper level of the comment, which determines that the former can only participate in the construction of syntactic structure while the latter can only participate in the construction of the comment.（3） "le1" can only form the phrase "VP+ le1" with the core predicate, but "le2" cannot participate in the phraseconstruction. It can only form the mood structure "VP+ le1" together with intonation and represent "mood + tone of voice" as the scope.（4） Mandarin is an aspect-prominent and tone-prominent language, and does not rely on the highly grammaticalized time-category system, which makes it difficult for "le1" to be directly and explicitly positioned to express the objective period, thus further affecting its sentence-formation ablity. In contrast, tone of voice of "le2" has no connection with time-category and is not affected by this. To sum up, the above four factors affect the ability of sentence-formation of "le1" and "le2" from micro to macro perspective in turn, resulting in the ability of sentence-formation of the former is less than that of the latter.
520[ ] |a 已有研究认为"了1"的成句能力小于"了2",但不曾涉及背后的因素。本文尝试从语义结构、句法层次、语气结构和时范畴缺席等四个方面探讨两个"了"成句能力大小的制约因素。得出如下结论:（1）语义结构的差异决定"了1"只能附着述题里的核心谓词且有所选择,而"了2"几乎不受限制。（2）"了1"位于述题里的最下层,"了2"位于述题里的最上层,决定了前者只能在句法结构层面参与构成词组,后者只能在句子话语层面参与构成述题。（3）"了1"只能和核心谓词构成"VP+了1"词组,"了2"只能与语调一起构成"VP+了1"的语气结构并以之为辖域表示口气（tone）。（4）普通话是体凸显和口气凸显语言,不依赖高度语法化的时范畴系统来表示时范畴。这导致"了1"所表完成体难以直接明确地定位到客观时间轴,进而制约其成句能力。"了2"的口气功能与时范畴无关,不受此制约。总之,以上四个因素依次从微观到宏观制约"了1"和"了2"的成句能力,导致前者的成句能力小于后者。
650[1 0] |a 中国人 |x 语法 |x 这句话
650[1 4] |a Chinese |x Grammar |x Sentence
653[0 ] |a Tiếng Trung Quốc
653[0 ] |a Cấu trúc câu
653[0 ] |a Ngữ pháp
700[0 ] |a 黄梦迪
773[ ] |t 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning |g 2020(01)
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